University Hospital in Poznan, Poland
Research
The influence of vaginal, endometrial, cervical, gut, and semen microbiota on recurrent pregnancy loss: a narrative review
Author(s): Jaworowicz Anna*, Gołembiewski Bartosz, Mazurkiewicz Weronika, Piasecka Joanna, Manicka Martyna, Szymczak Alicja, Mulski Grzegorz, Sobczak Agnieszka Marta, Baranowicz Michał and Borecka Zuzanna
Background: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is a multifactorial condition in which more than half of cases remain unexplained despite advances in genetic, anatomical, endocrine and immunological evaluation. Growing evidence indicates that host-associated microbial ecosystems across the female and male reproductive tracts, as well as the gastrointestinal tract, exert significant influence on implantation, early placentation and maternal-fetal immune tolerance. This narrative review synthesizes current data on the vaginal, cervical, endometrial, gut and seminal microbiota in the context of RPL. Across the lower and upper reproductive tract, a Lactobacillus-dominant profile is consistently associated with reduced mucosal inflammation, preserved epithelial barrier integrity and a cytokine environment conducive to early gestational tolerance. Dysbiosis (characterized by Lactobacillus deplet.. Read More»