Abstract
Author(s): Ali A. R. Aldallal, Heba A. Abd-Alsalam Alsalame, Hafidh I. Al-Sadi, Ghasaq Jafaar Sadeq, Zainab Ali Hussein, Saif M. Hassan
Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. It is currently the third most detrimental chronic illness to human health. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally due to factors such as improved living standards, urbanization, industrialization, and an ageing population. According to the WHO, the present global prevalence of diabetes is approximately 422 million, and this figure is projected to rise to 600 million by 2040. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The participants were divided into two groups based on their utilisation of metformin. The Met group (MG) comprised 50 women who had been administered 500 mg of metformin twice daily, while the non-Met group (NMG) consisted of 50 women who did not use metformin. Results: The mean diabetes duration was 8.54 ± 3.25 years. Significant differences in age, social status, and education were found between metformin and non-metformin groups (P < 0.05). Binary analysis of renal biomarkers showed that irregular BUN and serum creatinine levels might affect the non-metformin group (P < 0.05). A stratified analysis revealed that lack of Met. Use may confound the link between high S. Creatinine and T2DM effects, while T2DM duration may confound the B. urea-S. Creatinine relationship. Conclusion: Metformin has a potential role in reducing high levels of renal and hepatic markers through several pathways, including improving insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. In addition, its effects on cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function may contribute to its ability to protect renal and hepatic tissue from damage.